简单句的五种基本句型

句型一  主语+系动词+表语

[讲解] (1) 系动词的三种分类：表示“保持或状态”类的有be, remain, stay, keep, prove等；表示“变化”类的有grow, turn, get, become, fall, go, come等；表示“感官”类的有look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem, appear等。例如：

I am a senior school student while he is a junior one.

我是高中生，而他是初中生。

After four years, Tom became a doctor/ turned doctor.

四年后，汤姆成了一名医生。

The story sounds interesting and instructive.  

这故事听起来既有趣，又有教育意义。

(2) 可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、副词(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词(短语)等。例如：

In order to keep healthy, he takes exercise every day.

In my mind, mother is my hero.

Look! Your pet dog is there.

The schoolbags come in different sizes.

You’ve changed a lot. You are not what you were.

We were excited at the exciting news.

(3) 使用系动词应注意的地方：第一，没有被动语态；第二，一般没有进行时(除了feel以外)；第三，有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词。如：keep, grow, taste, feel, get, smell等。第四，非谓语一般用现在分词

例如：After two-day’s treatment, he felt well again. (不用was felt)

He remains an excellent engineer in the factory. (不用 is remained)

比较以下句子：

The pet dog keeps clean. It is kept by Johnson.

We grew some trees around our school and they grow green now.

Just now I felt the table and it felt smooth.

 [练习] 选择一个合适的词或根据汉语提示填空，注意动词的适当形式。

(1) I ________ (remain / keep / stay) a nurse while he has _________ (turn / become) engineer.

(2) Put the meat in the refrigerator (冰箱). It  ________ (go / get / turn / become) bad easily.

(3) What he said __________(sound /look / smell / taste) reasonable.

(4) He feels __________(comfortable / comfortably) working in the air-conditioned office.

(5) We do morning exercises to __________(keep / turn / become) healthy.

(6) The apple __________(tastes / is tasted) sweet.

(7) Please keep __________(安静); The baby has fallen __________(睡着).

(8) They work day and night to make their dream come __________(实现).

句型二  主语+不及物动词

[讲解] (1)不及物动词不能直接加宾语。如agree, lie, work, argue, belong, come, go, reply等。

(2) 不及物动词加一个介词后构成动词短语可以加宾语。如agree with, lie in, work at, belong to, come across, go to等。

(3) 有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如begin, sell, write, wash, answer, read等。例如：

The meeting begins at half past nine. (不及物动词)

The professor began his speech directly. (及物动词)

The books of this kind sell well and he will sell them.

(第一个sell为不及物动词，而第二个是及物动词)。

[练习] 1. 指出划线部分动词的词性，是及物动词还是不及物动词。

(1) Speak aloud so that everyone can follow you. (          )

(2) Besides Japanese, he can also speak Spanish. (          )

(3) His father used to work hard to make much money. (          )

(4) I intended to lie to him, but failed. (          )

(5) Unfortunately, I failed the driving test. (          )

2. 在每一空格上填上恰当的介词。

(1) I don’t agree _____ you completely. I have my own opinion.

(2) The dictionary is not Tom’s. It belongs _____ me.

(3) Use your head, and you will think _____ some ways to solve the problem.

(4) To improve my English, I work hard _____ it.

(5) Look _____ the cloudy sky! It is going to rain.

句型三  主语+及物动词+宾语

[练习] 划出以下句子的主、谓、宾部分。

如：Doing morning exercises benefits our health.

(1) I wrote a passage last night.

(2) I doubt whether he will join us in the debate.

(3) We missed going to college for that reason.

(4) What he said touched me greatly.

句型四  主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）

[讲解] （1）双宾语指直接宾语与间接宾语。一般地说，宾语指人为间接宾语，宾语指物为直接宾语。例如：My father bought me a car.（me为间接宾语，a car 为直接宾语）

The singer sang us another song.（us为间接宾语，another song 为直接宾语）

（2）如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前，那么两个宾语之间应有一个介词(to, for等)。

The teacher offered some advice on learning English to us.

The singer sang another song for us.

[练习] 在每一空格上填上一个恰当的介词。

(1) Mother bought a birthday cake ______me.

(2) Give another apple______her. She likes it.

(3) The company will offer some drinks ______ the volunteers.

句型五 主语+及物动词+复合宾语 (宾语+宾补)

[讲解] 宾补是用来描述或说明宾语的动作、状态或特征。宾语是宾补的逻辑主语(暗含的主语)。宾补可由名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)等来充当。例如：

Tom made the baby laugh.

Tell him to follow the instructions.

They made Beijing the capital of the PRC.

We saw the old man crossing the street when we walked.

I tried my best to make the lesson a lively one.

What made you here?

We found ourselves in great trouble.

Don’t leave the machine working all day long.

[练习] 根据汉语或英语提示在空格上填一个恰当的单词。

  (1) Let him ________(进来).

  (2) Let the student ________(站) outside the classroom.

  (3) We made our classroom ________(明亮).

  (4) Father has some employees ________(work) all day and all night.

  (5) Did you have your bicycle ________(repair)?

  (6) I have nothing ________(do) this afternoon. Let’s go swimming.

  (7) He kept us ________(read) the story once and again.

  (8) The man had his pocket ________(pick) on the bus yesterday.

  (9) Jenny had her money ________(偷了).

(10) I found myself ________(surround) by some snakes.

(11) I would like to see the plan ________(carry) out.

(12) Who got the machine ________(start)?

(13) Jim asked me ________(wait) for him at the school gate.

(14) The boy was made ________(stand) outside the room.

(15) Don’t allow the guests ________(smoke) here.