动词的时态和语态
动词的时态：
1、一般现在时：主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。
He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.
The earth goes around the sun.
Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.
考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided.
If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.
考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it（注意，留心）, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么时候做完试验。
考点四：在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。
The harder you study, the better results you will get.
2、现在进行时： 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动，或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。
We are having an English class.
The house is being built these days.
The little boy is always making trouble.
考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。 Look out when you are crossing the street.
Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.
考点二： 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。
Marry is leaving on Friday.
3、现在完成时
表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语：
考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点
They have lived in Beijing for five years.
They have lived in Beijing since 2010.
I have learned English for ten years.
考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now, till now, so far, these days,
Has it stopped raining yet ?
考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。
in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等。
考点四：表示“第几次做某事”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting, only… ) +名词 ＋that” 后面跟现在完成时。
This is my first time that I have visited China.
This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
That is the only book that he has written.
4．一般过去时
表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1945, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when…注意：
考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。
be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于
He used to smoke a lot.
He has got used to getting up early.
考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。
He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise
5. 过去进行时
表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。
The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.
He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.
What were you doing at nine last night?
The radio was being repaired when you called me.
6. 过去完成时
表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till )
There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2010.
By the end of last term we had finished the book.
They finished earlier than we had expected.
考点一：用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.
I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主谓倒装）
考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。
That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
It was 3 years since we had parted。
考点三：动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
I had hoped that I could do the job.
I had intended to see you but I was too busy.
7. 一般将来时
表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2015等表示将来的时间状语连用。Our school will hold a sports meeting next week.
考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中：
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes from school.
（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。）
考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
考点三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Use your head and you will find a way.
考点四：“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。
“am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示正要做某事，不可与表示将来的时间状语连用。
“am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。They are to be married in this May.
8、将来进行时
表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。
I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。
The President will be meeting the foreign delegation（代表团） at the airport.
9、将来完成时
表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。
考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。
By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.
By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.
By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.
考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。
The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back school.
动词的语态：
一般用于强调动作的承受者，谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。
考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组
come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong to, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed等等。
It took place before liberation.
考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。
lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 卖 ); read ( 读 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (责备)；ride (乘坐)； write ( 写 )；
Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。 The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。
The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。 The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
考点三：一些常用经典被动句型：
It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…， It is expected…, It is estimated…,
这些句子一般翻译为“据说……”，“人们认为……”，
而 “以前人们认为……” 则应该说：It was believed…, It was thought等。
动词时态和语态专项练习
语境中的时态和语态具有灵活多变的特点，因此找出隐含于上下文中的时间信息，正确认定动作行为所发生的时间是解题的关键。做动词时态和语态填空题时，常常按以下几个步骤：
注意题干所提供的信息，如语境、情景以及说话人的情感; (2)根据句中的时间状语以及一些副词判断时态; (3)考虑语态; (4)考虑时态的一致性。另外，复习时，还要涉及到短暂性动词与延续性动词，这两个概念一定要搞清。短暂性动词用于进行时态和完成时态都要受到限制。
1.—You haven’t said a word about my new coat. Do you like it?
—I’m sorry I ________ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say
2. I wonder why Jenny ________us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written
3.—When will you come to see me，Dad?
—I will go to see you when you ________ the training course.
A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish
初中语法复习（四）：动词的时态和语态
4.—How long ________ at this job?
—Since 1990.
A. were you employed B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
5. By the end of last year，another new gymnasium ________ in Beijing.
A. would be completed B. was being completed
C. has been completed D. had been completed
6. The little girl ________her heart out because she ________ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.
A. had cried; lost B. cried; had lost C. has cried; has lost D. cries; has lost
7.—Excuse me，sir. Would you do me a favor?
—Of course. What is it?
—I ________ if you could tell me how to fill out this form.
A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wonder D. did wonder
8. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________ from the university next year.
A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate
9. I feel it is your husband who ________for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blame D. should blame
10.He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still ________.
A. has been B. does C. has D. is
11.If city noises ________ from increasing，people ________ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to
12.The price ________，but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down
13.—How long ________ each other before they ________ married?
—For about a year.
A. have they known; get B. did they know; get
C. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got
14.You can’t move in right now. The house ________.
A. has painted B. is painted C. is being painted D. is painting
15.—Hey，look where you are going!
—Oh，I’m terribly sorry.________.
A .I’m not noticing B.I wasn’t noticing C.I haven’t noticed D.I don’t notice
16.The reporter said that the UFO ________ east to west when he saw it.
A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel
17.—Is this raincoat yours?
—No，mine ________ there behind the door.
A. is hanging B. has hang C. hangs D. hang
18.I turned around and saw everybody ________ at a man who ________ loudly in a foreign language.
A. was staring; was shouting B. was staring; shouting
C. staring; shouting D. stared; shouted
19.Henry remained silent for a moment. He ________.
A. thought B. had thought C. was thinking D. was thought
20.We would like to go and thank him ourselves，but we ________ out his address yet,
A. haven’t found B. hadn’t found C. didn’t find D. don’t find
21.Shirley ________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished.
A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing
22.—Have you got your test result?
—Not yet. The papers ________.
A. are not correcting B. have not corrected
C. are still being corrected D. have already been corrected
23.See the clouds! It ________ rain!
A. will B. is going to C. must D. certainly
24.Do I have to take this medicine? It ________ so terrible.
A. tastes B. is tasting C. is tasted D. has tasted
25.Don’t take the magazine away. It ________ me.
A. is belonged to B. belongs to C. was belonged to D. is belonging to
26.Is this the third time that you ________ late?
A. have been B. am C. was D. had been
27.—Do you know when Tom ________ from abroad?
—Perhaps it will be a long time before he ________.
A. will come; will come B. comes; will come
C. will come; comes D. comes; comes
28.My uncle said that he would telephone but I ________ from him so far.
A. didn’t hear B. hadn’t heard C. haven’t heard D. won’t hear
29.The telephone ________ four times in the last hour，and each time it ________ for my roommate.
A. has rung; was B. has been ringing; is C. had rung; was D. rang; has been
30.A storm ________ by a calm.
A. is often being followed B. was often followed
C. is often followed D. has often been followed
31.The pen I ________ I ________ is on my desk，right under my nose.
A. think; lost B. thought; had lost C. think; had lost D. thought; lost
32.—We could have walked to the station. It was so near.
—Yes，a taxi ________ at all necessary.
A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. couldn’t be D. won’t be
33.A friend of mine returned to his house after a holiday only to find it ________.
A. to be broken B. had broken into C. was broken D. had been broken into
34.They believed that by using computers the production of their factory ________.
A. will greatly increase
B. would greatly increase
C .would be increased greatly
D. will have been greatly increased
35.His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazines he ________.
A. had long been expected B. had long expected
C. has long expected D. was long expected
36.—Do you like the new pen?
—Yes，it ________ very well.
A. is written B. is writing C. writes D. wrote
37.—Oh，it’s you? I didn’t recognize you.
—I ________ my hair cut，and I ________ new glasses.
A. had; was wearing B. have had; am wearing C. had; wore D. have had; wear
38.As she ________ the newspaper，Granny ________ asleep.
A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell
39.However hard you ________，you will never succeed in pleasing her.
A. try B. will try C. should try D. would try
40.—Can I help you，sir?
—Yes，I bought this radio yesterday，but it ________.
A. didn’t work B. won’t work C. can’t work D. doesn’t work
41.—How are you today?
—Oh，I ________ as ill as I do now for a very long time.
A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt
42.When Jack arrived , he learned Mary ________ for about an hour.
A. had gone B. had set off C. had left D. had been away
43.By this time tomorrow we ________ the machine.
A. have repaired B. shall have repaired C. will repair D. would repair
44.I don’t think Jim saw me，he ________ into space.
A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared
45.Helen ________ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband ________ home.
A. had left; came B. has left; comes C .left; had come D. had left; would come
46.—You have left the light on.
—Oh，so I have.________ and turn it off.
A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C.I go D. I’m going
47.This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He ________ trying to save a child in an earthquake.
A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing
48.The notice _______, “No smoking.”
A. is wrote B. reads C. writes D. is read
49.Good care must ________ babies particularly while they are ill.
A. take B. take of C. be taken D. be taken of
50.Shortly after we ________，a waiter came over to our table with a smile.
A. seated B. were seated C. sat ourselves D. had seated
51.—You look pale，what troubled you?
—I ________ my dead friend.
A. am thinking about B. was thinking about
C. had thought about D. will think about
52.John and I ________ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ________ each other a couple of times before that.
A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen
C. have been; had seen D. had been; had seen
53.Do make sure that you ________ a seat today!
A. got B. get C. should D. have get
54.We ________ at the house as we ________ of buying it.
A. looked; were thinking B. were looking; were thinking
C. were looking; thought D. looked; had thought
55.—I’m told that you are leaving for Beijing.
—Who ________ so?
A. said B. had said C. says D. has said
56.I ________ the room to be empty but found it occupied.
A. had thought B. have thought C. didn’t think D. was thinking
57.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ________ so rapidly.
A. will have changed B. has changed C. is changing D. will change
58.I ________ ping-pong quite well，but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
59.Visitors ________ not to touch the exhibits.
A. will request B. are requested C. are requesting D. request
60.They ________ a snowstorm on their way home.
A. caught in B. had caught C. were caught D. were caught in
评论表单加载中...